Most skincare results come from correctly layered fundamentals, not premium products applied randomly. A £20 routine in correct order outperforms a £200 routine applied wrong.
The simplest layering sequence
Cleanser → acidic actives (vitamin C morning, AHA night) → pH-neutral serums (niacinamide, peptides) → eye cream if used → moisturiser → SPF (morning only). Wait 60 seconds between acidic and neutral steps.
Common mistakes that cancel actives
Applying vitamin C after moisturiser (won't penetrate). Layering AHA over retinol same night (compounded irritation, broken barrier). Skipping moisturiser because skin feels 'clean' after actives (compensates with more sebum).
Get the order right and most routines work. Get it wrong and even good products underdeliver.